Earthquake Detector Alarm using Arduino

An earthquake is an unpredictable natural disaster that causes damage to lives and property. It happens suddenly and we cannot stop it but we can be alerted from it. In today’s time, there are many technologies which can be used to detect the small shakes and knocks, so that we can take precautions prior to some major vibrations in earth. Here we are using Accelerometer ADXL335 to detect the pre-earthquake vibrations. Accelerometer ADXL335 is highly sensitive to shakes and vibrations along with all the three axes. Here we are building an Arduino based Earthquake 

Detector .

Components Required:

• Arduino UNO
• Accelerometer ADXL335
• 16x2 LCD
• Buzzer
• BC547 transistor
• 1k Resistors
• 10K POT
• LED
• Power Supply 9v/12v
• Berg sticks male/female

Accelerometer:

Pin Description of accelerometer:

1. Vcc         5 volt supply should connect at this pin.
2. X-OUT   This pin gives an Analog output in x direction
3. Y-OUT   This pin give an Analog Output in y direction
4. Z-OUT   This pin gives an Analog Output in z direction
5. GND      Ground
6. ST          This pin used for set sensitivity of sensor

Arduino code :

#include<LiquidCrystal.h>      // lcd Header

LiquidCrystal lcd(9,8,7,6,5,4);   // pins for LCD Connection

#define buzzer 12 // buzzer pin

#define led 13  //led pin

#define x A0  // x_out pin of Accelerometer

#define y A1  // y_out pin of Accelerometer

#define z A2  // z_out pin of Accelerometer

/*variables*/

int xsample=0;

int ysample=0;

int zsample=0;

long start;

int buz=0;

/*Macros*/

#define samples 50

#define maxVal 20   // max change limit

#define minVal -20    // min change limit

#define buzTime 5000  // buzzer on time

void setup() 

{

  lcd.begin(16,2);  //initializing lcd

  Serial.begin(9600); // initializing serial

  delay(1000);

  lcd.print("EarthQuake ");

  lcd.setCursor(0,1);

  lcd.print("Detector    ");

  delay(2000);

  lcd.clear();

  lcd.print("Circuit Digest ");

  lcd.setCursor(0,1);

  lcd.print("Saddam Khan    ");

  delay(2000);

  lcd.clear();

  lcd.print("Calibrating.....");

  lcd.setCursor(0,1);

  lcd.print("Please wait...");

  pinMode(buzzer, OUTPUT);

  pinMode(led, OUTPUT);

  buz=0;

  digitalWrite(buzzer, buz);

  digitalWrite(led, buz);

  for(int i=0;i<samples;i++)      // taking samples for calibration

  {

    xsample+=analogRead(x);

    ysample+=analogRead(y);

    zsample+=analogRead(z);

  }

  xsample/=samples;   // taking avg for x

  ysample/=samples;     // taking avg for y

  zsample/=samples;   // taking avg for z

  

  delay(3000);

  lcd.clear();

  lcd.print("Calibrated");

  delay(1000);

  lcd.clear();

  lcd.print("Device Ready");

  delay(1000);

  lcd.clear();

  lcd.print(" X     Y     Z   ");

}

void loop() 

{

    int value1=analogRead(x);   // reading x out

    int value2=analogRead(y);   //reading y out

    int value3=analogRead(z);   //reading z out

    int xValue=xsample-value1;    // finding change in x

    int yValue=ysample-value2;    // finding change in y

    int zValue=zsample-value3;    // finding change in z

  /*displying change in x,y and z axis values over lcd*/

    lcd.setCursor(0,1);

    lcd.print(zValue);

    lcd.setCursor(6,1);

    lcd.print(yValue);

    lcd.setCursor(12,1);

    lcd.print(zValue);

    delay(100);

  /* comparing change with predefined limits*/

    if(xValue < minVal || xValue > maxVal  || yValue < minVal || yValue > maxVal  || zValue < minVal || zValue > maxVal)

    { 

      if(buz == 0)

      start=millis();   // timer start

       buz=1;       // buzzer / led flag activated

    } 

   else if(buz == 1)        // buzzer flag activated then alerting earthquake

   {

      lcd.setCursor(0,0);

      lcd.print("Earthquake Alert   ");

      if(millis()>= start+buzTime)    

      buz=0;

   }

   

    else

    {

      lcd.clear();

      lcd.print(" X     Y     Z   ");

    }

    digitalWrite(buzzer, buz);    // buzzer on and off command

    digitalWrite(led, buz);   // led on and off command

  /*sending values to processing for plot over the graph*/

    Serial.print("x=");

    Serial.println(xValue);

    Serial.print("y=");

    Serial.println(yValue);

    Serial.print("z=");

    Serial.println(zValue);  

    Serial.println(" $");

}